The African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa) needs major revisions. This came into force in 2000. It offers almost 6,500 African products duty-free access to US markets.

Many of these exporters are small and medium enterprises that can grow by leveraging Agoa to their benefit. The act expires in 2025, having been extended four times before. Initially, it was meant to last until 2007 but was amended to clarify on preferential treatment of African goods and other standards required of goods. African countries may need more trade privileges with the US.

As of December 31, 2022, only 36 sub-Saharan Africa countries are eligible for the Agoa. Plans by the United States to renew Agoa should include proposals on how to include agricultural products which is the mainstay of the African economy.In terms of product coverage, the three African countries that have benefited the most from the Agoa are Ethiopia, Kenya and Lesotho because they export apparel. The product coverage excludes agricultural products. For a continent like Africa, excluding agriculture is excluding the main product. So African countries want Agoa to be renewed to cover more products. Agoa also excludes processed products as Africa is allowed to export iron and ore but not steel products. So it has to be expanded in terms of product coverage.

Momad will take place in Spain, February 3 to 5, 2023. This is a footwear fair.

This year Momad will feature more than 20 footwear companies. Among them will be a number of leading names in the sector, such as Alma en Pena, Mascaró, Pons Quintana and Calzados Victoria. This initiative aims to respond to the needs of companies and visitors, presenting a more comprehensive offer that is more in line with modern-day shops.

Since Momad Metrópolis and Momad Shoes merged in 2018, the trade fairs dedicated to fashion and footwear have been held jointly at Ifema. In their first edition under this new format, the space reserved for footwear companies presented 80 brands.

In order to drive its global reach, the fair will once again feature its foreign buyers' program, organised in conjunction with the events held in parallel. Likewise, the event will present brands from countries such as Italy, France, Portugal and Turkey. The biggest surprise has been the increasing participation of Greek brands. Over the last few editions, brands from Greece, which had previously focused more on Italian trade fairs, have opted to participate in Spain mainly due to strong tourism.The event hopes to return to pre-pandemic attendance figures.

Divalicious will take place in Kenya, May 20 to 21, 2023. This business-to-customer fashion fair will bring traditional Indian fashion to Kenya and promote women’swear brands to enable them to reach new customers in the country.

Divalicious focuses on brands in the bridge-to-luxury segment of the market. The shopping fair will feature product categories including Indian traditional wear, ethnic wear, occasion wear, and fusion wear as well as jewellery, fashion accessories, décor, and gift items, among others.

The shopping fair aims to cater to the large Indian and South Asian community in Nairobi as well as shoppers looking for something different. The event will give participating brands a platform from which to connect with new customer demographics and even local retailers. Bridal looks for the upcoming wedding season will also feature.

Divalicious launched its Mumbai edition on January 10, 2023. The fashion fair’s next destination is Dubai, where it will take place from January 14 to 15, 2023. February 3 will see the shopping fair take place at Ahmedabad, where Pernia's Pop Up Shop will visit Ahmedabad for the first time with its curated brands.

Divalicious has also held fairs in Durban, Singapore,London, Johannesburg, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Sri Lanka, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Raipur.

About seven million people in textile and textile-related industries in Pakistan have been laid off. So say representatives of value-added textile associations.

They say this has been due to dwindling exports and the economic crisis. Textile factories are being deprived of the necessary raw material and accessories.

The industry is on the verge of closure as many units have already closed down. Several others are planning to either shut down or shift their production abroad. Letters of credit worth as low as $5,000 are being refused, which has hit in-progress export orders of $500,000 per consignment. This has caused severe disruption and production delays and has led to the cancellation of export orders. Demurrage on various consignments has increased the cost too much, the associations say. The industrial sector cannot operate under extreme financial stress as the alarm bells for sovereign default have been continuously ringing.

The country is in the middle of a dollar crisis and the economy is facing an emergency-like situation. The current shortage of dollars, say the associations, can be overcome only by promoting exports.

In the meantime the value of textile and garment exports from Pakistan decreased by five per cent from July 2022 to November 2022.

Retail prices for garments in the United States increased by four per cent year over year in November 2022. Month over month retail prices were 0.3 per cent higher. Compared to the average before Covid, clothing prices were 1.7 per cent higher.

In November, consumer spending was flat month over month and two per cent higher year over year. Spending on clothing was 0.8 per cent lower month over month and up 0.1 per cent year over year.

The US economy was estimated to have added 2,23,000 jobs in November, near the levels posted over the past four months. Revisions to figures from the last two months were negative. The current twelve-month average is 3,75,000 jobs.The unemployment rate decreased slightly, from 3.6 per cent to 3.5 per cent, and remains low by historical standards. Wages were up 4.6 per cent yearoveryear in December 2022. This is the lowest rate of annual gain since August 2021 and is below current rates of inflation.

Consumer spending during the holidays was generally reported as stronger than feared and may help alleviate issues involving retailer inventories. However, there are other challenges for retailer order demand, including higher sourcing costs and fears that the lagged effects of interest rate increases will weigh on consumer demand in 2023.

The Remission of Duties and Taxes on Exported Products (RoDTEP) scheme has considerably enhanced the global competitiveness of textile and clothing products by avoiding export of embedded taxes and levies. So says the Southern India Mills Association (SIMA).

The rates declared with effect from January 1, 2021, were on the lower side for certain key textile products such as manmade fibers, yarns, fabrics, cotton knitted fabrics etc. Now, the rates have been enhanced for several productsincluding denim and polyester staple fiber spun yarn.

RoDTEP is a WTO-compliant export benefit for refund of embedded duties and state levies for all goods exported from the country, with effect from January 1, 2021. Under the RoDTEP scheme, all other textile products were covered with suitable rates and value cap based on the incidence of duties and levies furnished by the industry.

RoDTEP rates for lycra blended knitted fabric has been increased from one per cent to 2.5 per cent and for 100 per cent cotton knitted fabric the rate has increased from one per cent to three per cent.SIMA says the revised RoDTEP rates have helped knitted fabric exporters, who are facing a crisis owing to various external factors including the global economic slowdown.

Luxury is a personal indulgence and a slice of heaven for those who can afford it or have an affinity towards it. Luxury goods and services are not just defined by the physical item but an emotional experience that transforms the mundane to an elevated feeling. It is not just limited to clothing and accessories but extends to food and beverages, hospitality, tourism and travel, real estate and personal well-being.

This sector’s natural customer base is the well-heeled and for decades, its geo-location was centred in developed economies of the West and demographically a slightly older consumer who had arrived at the higher disposable income level. However, since the early 80s, the luxury market started changing and today is no longer the exclusive domain of the West.

The Gulf, flushed with new petro-dollars developed a quick affinity for all things luxurious as did Russia after the disintegration of the Communist Soviet Union and the rise of capitalism. Then it was time for the Chinese, following the same pattern of Russian conversion to capitalism although disguised under Communist rule. Last but not the least India too has emerged as a growing market for luxury.

Whilst luxury being an expensive proposition was always associated with successful economies, year 2021 proved the assumption wrong and shook off the shackles of pandemic and luxury continued its successful run. As per a report issued by Bain & Company, a leading global management consulting firm, the luxury sector unlike the other segments actually experienced a sales boost in 2021 in certain countries after the pandemic started and this trend persisted all through 2022. The personal luxury market was predicted to end 2022 at €353 billion a 22 per cent year-on-year rise. The overall global luxury market grew 21 per cent in 2022, closing at €1.4 trillion.

Luxury drivers that made the difference

Luxury’s success story during the difficult time can be attributed to many things and what stands out is it was being driven by a very young customer base – the young Millennials and Gen Z, flush with disposable income as most of them had returned to live with their parents during the worldwide lockdowns. An interesting attitudinal development has been published by the RealReal 2022 Luxury Resale Report that Gen Z are treating personal luxury goods as investments. Some brands are thinking of NFTs and payments in crypto currencies to keep the virtual presence on a roll.

The following are the biggest luxury companies in personal luxury items including apparel, footwear, and other accessories.

The Top Ten

10. Tapestry, Inc. that on December 31, 2022 ended with a market cap of $9.14 billion.

9. V.F. Corporation with a market cap of $10.63 billion on December 31, 2022

8. Prada S.p.A. (1913.HK) with market cap as of December 31, 2022: HK$112.84 billion.

7. Adidas AG (ADS.DE) with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at €23.26 billion

6. Lululemon Athletica Inc. with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at $40.53 billion.

5. Kering SA (KER.PA) with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at €58.11 billion

4. Compagnie Financière Richemont SA (CFR.SW) with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at CHF 68.03 billion

3. The Swatch Group AG (OTC:SWGAY) with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at $73.33 billion

2. Hermès International Société en commandite par actions (RMS.PA) with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at €151.05 billion

1. LVMH Moët Hennessy – Louis Vuitton, Société Européenne (OTC:LVMUY) with a market cap as of December 31, 2022 at $362.95 billion

An expanding customer base and the use of a multi-touchpoint ecosystem along with increased demand from millennials and Generation Z accounting to 72 per cent of the global luxury market have been the main factors driving expansion against all Covid odds. Many premium luxury apparel and accessories companies have now aggressively expanded to the virtual world, with several brands launching their metaverse strategies in 2022. With 2023 just unfolding, a lot can and will happen in the luxury world of premium brands by those who will continue to live life kingsize.

Maternity apparel is no longer a shapeless outfit designed for maximum comfort and nothing else. Contemporary mothers-to-be see no reason that maternity apparel can’t be stylish and fashionable as they juggle a normal work and social life. Scores of social media influencers, fashion magazines and celebrities have changed the way maternity clothing is looked at and pregnant women are lapping up this niche clothing lines world over.

The motto is: Look good. Feel good. Comfort meets style as many apparel brands diversify to include fashionable maternity wear, including items to suit occasions and locations. And why not as the global maternity market is projected to be valued at $44.08 billion by 2030, having been valued at $23.05 billion at the end of 2022? According to research agency Future Market Insights, the CAGR is pegged at a decent 6.7 per cent up until the forecasted period of 2030.

Growth drivers

There are many drivers activating this growth: Pregnancy fashion is an official category of clothing as a growing population of pregnant women in developing and emerging countries continue being in the workforce during their pregnancies and want to be dressed accordingly. The size of clothing that complements different body types has also played a role in increasing the demand for maternity clothing. Thanks to all kinds of media, there is high awareness about comfortable pregnancy clothing that is fashionable and on trend as nowadays fashionable women do not wish to compromise their sense of fashion because of pregnancy.

Leading players worldwide

Gap Inc, Seraphine, Isabella Oliver, H& M Hennes and Mauritz AB, Brunelli and Co S.R.L., Mothercare, Boob Design, SHAICO Fashion, Pink blush Maternity, and Organic are some of key players. These companies provide a wide range of product portfolios for the maternity wear market and have their presence in the developing regions, which provides a lucrative opportunity for them. They have built their reputation in maternity wear through high-quality and innovative products to cater to the comfort and fashion sense of modern women during their pregnancies.

Popular high street brand Zara had introduced its first line of maternity wear back in 2018 with a 25-piece set of clothing that represented Zara’s chic styling and comfort. Rival Spanish brand Mango had launched its first maternity collection two years before Zara. H& M, Seraphine, Gap Inc., are the top three market players, identified by Future Market Insights. They cumulatively accounted for nearly 5 to 6 per cent of total sales in 2021.

A leading and internationally reputed business magazine recently featured top global brands item-wise. Lululemon, A Pea in the Pod, Blanqi, Joe’s Jeans, Madewell, GapMaternity, Lively, Cosabella, Kindred Bravely, Pink Blush, Ingrid + Isabel, Hatch, H&M, ASOS, Old Navy, Hill House Home, Storq, Angel Maternity, Modern Eternity, BB Dakota, Seraphine, Nordstrom, Kimi and Kai, Summersalt, Kindred Bravely and Motherhood Maternity across affordability, casual wear, formal wear, occasion wear, swim wear, home wear and inner wear.

India emerging a strong market

The Future Market Insight Report mentions maternity outerwear has the promise of the highest growth in this niche category including leggings, jeans, skirts, shirts, dresses and tunics. The outerwear sub-category made up 76.2 per cent of all maternity wear sales in 2021. Based on sales channels, multi-brand store-based retailing is forecast to hold the largest revenue share in the segment, accounting for more than 29.3 per cent of the sales in 2021.

The US is anticipated to dominate the market in North America, accounting for more than 79.2 per cent of the regional sales by 2021-end. South Korea and Japan are projected to account for 23.6 and 33.7 per cent of maternity apparel sales across East Asia in 2021, respectively. India is projected to emerge one of the most remunerative markets in South Asia, accounting for around 31.7 per cent of sales in 2021.

Pakistan’s exporters are participating in a big way at Heimtextil. They hope to secure a record number of export orders during the exhibition and hope to find new buyers along with the existing ones.

They are also hopeful that the exhibition would create opportunities for Pakistan’s textile industry, especially in the US market. They derive optimism from the preference American and European buyers give to Pakistan’s products over Chinese products.

Around 2,400 exhibitors from over 120 countries are taking part, including 260 exporters from Pakistan, and Pakistan has the fourth-largest number of exhibitors after China, India and Turkey.To facilitate smaller exporters, the Trade Development Authority of Pakistan (TDAP) has also set up a national pavilion, in which 59 exporters will be presenting their products to global buyers.

At a time when the country is in dire need of foreign exchange, Heimtextil is seen as a great and timely opportunity for not only textile exporters but also for Pakistan to increase exports and earn foreign exchange. Many exporters believe that the country’s textile industry can play an important role in tackling the ongoing foreign exchange crisis if the government resolves their issues.

Heimtexil is on in Germany, January 10 to 13, 2023, and is an annual textile trade fair.

Seasonal shifts may help boost the prices of cotton yarn in south India. Production of summer clothing is likely to pick up in a few weeks. The industry is trying to adjust the production at present prices.

Cotton yarn prices have already gained in Mumbai as demand improved from the downstream industry. Buying increased in Tirupur too. Market sentiments improved in Tirupur despite the festival of Pongal during which production and trade are limited.

The weaving industry is buying yarn as it needs to plan for the summer season and cotton yarn prices are likely to pick up after the festival.Cotton yarn prices were up byRs 4 per kg in Mumbai as demand rose. Demand improved because the production of summer clothing is set to pick up in the next two or three weeks.

The industry is trying to adjust present cotton yarn prices. The consumer industry and traders are buying cotton yarn, and sentiments have also improved in the fabrics trade.In Gujarat, cotton prices went down by Rs500. Ginners are still facing a disparity of Rs3,000 to Rs4,000 per candy. Weaker demand from spinning mills and multinational corporates caused the decline in cotton prices. Farmers are still reluctant to sell seed cotton. However, optimism in the yarn trade could be positive for the market.