Former cabinet secretary TSR Subramanian regrets having allowed Genetically Modified (GM) cotton in the country over two decades ago. He says he is responsible for the suicides of thousands of cotton farmers. He introduced GM cotton in India in the 1990s. Most European countries and Japan don't allow GM crops.

Genetically engineered cotton is currently grown on 25 million hectares around the world, mostly in India, China, Pakistan and the US. Other countries growing significantly smaller amounts of GM cotton are South Africa, Burkina Faso, Sudan, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Columbia, Mexico, Costa Rica, Burma, Australia, and Egypt.

GM cotton is engineered with one of two traits. One makes it resistant to glyphosate-based herbicides such as Monsanto’s Roundup, while the other stimulates the plant to produce a toxin that kills the bollworm, one of the crop’s primary pests.

Cotton is an important cash crop in India. It is grown on 12 million hectares, making India the second largest producer of cotton in the world, behind China. Insect-resistant Bt cotton is the only GM crop currently grown in India. It was introduced in India by Monsanto in 2002, under the trade name Bollgard, in a joint venture with the Indian seed company Mahyco.